Description:
The TCP/IP protocol suite establishes the technical foundation of the Internet. (UDP/IP is part of the the family). Development of the TCP/IP was started by DOD projects and now, most protocols in the suite are developed by the industry non-for-profit organization named Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).
Contents:
Application Layer
The TCP/IP protocol suite establishes the technical foundation of the
Internet. (UDP/IP is part of the the family).
Presentation Laye
Presentation Layer
Session Layer
Session Layer
Transport Layer
Transport Layer
Routing Protocols
Routing Protocols
Multicast Protocols
Multicast Protocols
Data Link Layer
Data Link Layer
BOOTP: Bootstrap Protocol
The Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP) is an UDP/IP-based protocol which allows a
booting host to configure itself dynamically and without user
supervision.
DCAP: Data Link Switching Client Access Protocol
|
The Data Link Switching Client Access Protocol (DCAP) is an application
layer protocol used between workstations and routers to transport
SNA/NetBIOS traffic over TCP
sessions. |
DHCP: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a communications enabling
network administrators manage centrally and automate the assignment of IP
addresses in a network.
DNS: Domain Name Systems
DNS (Domain Name System or Service) is a distributed Internet directory
service. DNS is used mostly to translate between domain names
(www.domainname.com) and IP addresses (123.123.123.123), and to control Internet
email delivery.
FTP: File Transfer Protocol
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) enables file sharing between hosts. FTP uses
TCP to create a virtual connection for control information and then creates a
separate TCP connection for data transfers.
Finger: User Information Protocol
|
The Finger user information protocol provides an interface to a remote
user information program (RUIP). Finger is a protocol for the exchange of
user information, based on the Transmission Control Protocol, using TCP
port 79. |
HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol
|
The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application-level protocol
with the lightness and speed necessary for distributed, collaborative,
hypermedia information systems. HTTP has been in use by the World-Wide Web
global information initiative since 1990.
|
S-HTTP: Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol
|
Secure HTTP (SHTTP) is a secure message-oriented communications
protocol designed for use in conjunction with HTTP. S-HTTP is designed to
coexist with HTTP"s messaging model and to be easily integrated with HTTP
applications. |
IMAP & IMAP4: Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP version 4)
Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) is a method of accessing
electronic mail or bulletin board messages that are kept on a mail
server.
IRCP (IRC): Internet Relay Chat Protocol
Internet Relay Chat Protocol (IRCP) enables teleconferencing on Internet,
which is well-suited to running on many machines distributely.
LDAP: Lightweighted Directory Access Protocol
|
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) is designed to provide
access to the X.500 Directory while not incurring the resource
requirements of the Directory Access Protocol
(DAP). |
MIME: Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
|
MIME, an acronym for Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions, specifies
how messages must be formatted so that they can be exchanged between
different email systems |
NAT: Network Address Translation
Basic Network Address Translation (Basic NAT) is a method by which IP
addresses are mapped from one group to another, transparent to end
users.
NNTP: Network News Transfer Protoco
NNTP specifies a protocol for the distribution, inquiry, retrieval, and
posting of news articles using a reliable stream (such as TCP port 119)
server-client model.
NTP: Network Time Protocol
| Network Time Protocol (NTP) is a time synchronization system for
computer clocks through the Internet
network. |
POP & POP3: Post Office Protocol (version 3)
The Post Office Protocol (POP) is designed to allow a workstation(PC) to
dynamically access a maildrop on a server host.
RLOGIN: Remote Login in Unix
| rlogin (remote login) is a Unix command that allows an authorized user
to login to other UNIX machines (hosts) on a network and to interact as if
the user were physically at the host
computer. |
RMON: Remote Monitoring MIBs in SNMP
| Remote Monitoring (RMON) is a standard monitoring specification that
enables various network monitors and console systems to exchange
network-monitoring data. RMON provides network administrators with more
freedom in selecting network-monitoring probes and consoles with features
that meet their particular networking needs.
|
SLP: Service Location Protocol
| The Service Location Protocol (SLP) provides a scalable framework for
the discovery and selection of network
services |
S/MIME: Secure Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
|
MIME, an acronym for Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions,
specifies how messages must be formatted so that they can be
exchanged between different email systems.
| |
SMTP: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is a protocol designed to transfer
electronic mail reliably and efficiently. SMTP is a mail service modeled on the
FTP file transfer service.
SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocol
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is the protocol developed to
manage nodes (servers, workstations, routers, switches and hubs etc.)
SNTP: Simple Network Time Protocol
| The Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP) Version 4 is an adaptation of
the Network Time Protocol (NTP) used to synchronize computer clocks in the
Internet. |
TELNET: TCP/IP Terminal emulation Protocol
TELNET is the terminal emulation protocol in TCP/IP environment. TELNET
uses the TCP as the transport protocol to establish connection between server
and client.
TFTP: Trivial File Transfer Protocol
Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) is a simple protocol to transfer
files. It has been implemented on top of the Internet User Datagram protocol
(UDP or Datagram).
URL: Uniform Resource Locator
Uniform Resource Location (URL) is the syntax and semantics for a compact
string representation for a resource available via the Internet.
Whois (and RWhois): Directory Access Protocol
| The whois protocol retrieves information about domain names from a
central registry. The whois service is provided by the organizations that
run the Internet. |
XMPP: Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol
|
Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) is
designed to stream XML elements for near-real-time messaging, presence,
and request-response services. |
LPP: Lightweight Presentation Protocol
Lightweight Presentation Protocol (LPP) describes an approach for
providing "stream-lined" support of OSI application services on top of
TCP/IP-based network for some constrained environments.
NBSS: NetBIOS Session Service over TCP/IP
NetBIOS stands for Network Basic Input Output System which is created by
IBM. NetBIOS defines a software interface and standard methods providing a
communication interface between the application program and the attached
medium.
RPC: Remote Procedure Call protocol
| Remote Procedure Call (RPC) is a protocol for requesting a service
from a program located in a remote computer through network without having
to understand the under layer network
technologies. |
ITOT: ISO Transport Over TCP/IP
|
ISO Transport Service on top of TCP (ITOT) is a mechanism enables ISO
applications to be ported to TCP/IP
network. |
RDP: Reliable Data Protocol
| RDP is a connection-oriented transport protocol designed to
efficiently support the bulk transfer of data for such host monitoring and
control applications as loading/dumping and remote
debugging. |
RUDP: Reliable UDP
Reliable UDP (RUDP) is a simple packet based transport protocol, based on
RFCs 980 (version 1) and 1151 (version 2), which is intended as a reliable
protocol to transport telephony signalling across IP networks.
TALI: Transport Adapter Layer Interface
TALI is the interfaces of a Signalling Gateway, which provides
interworking between the Switched Circuit Network (SCN) and an IP
network.
TCP: Transmission Control Protocol
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is the transport layer protocol in the
TCP/IP protocol suite, which provides a reliable stream delivery and virtual
connection service to applications through the use of sequenced acknowledgment
with retransmission of packets when necessary.
UDP: User Datagram Protocol
UDP is a connectionless transport layer (layer 4) protocol in OSI model,
which provides a simple and unreliable message service for transaction-oriented
services. UDP is basically an interface between IP and upper-layer
processes.
Van Jacobson: Compressed TCP
|
Van Jacobson is a compressed TCP protocol which improves the TCP/IP
performance over low speed (300 to 19,200 bps) serial
links. |
Routing Protocols
Routing Protocols allow routers to dynamically advertise and learn routes,
determine which routes are available and which are the most efficient routes to
a destination.
BGP/BGP4: Border Gateway Protocol
The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), runs over TCP, is an inter-Autonomous
System routing protocol. BGP is the only protocol that is designed to deal with
a network of the Internet"s size, and the only protocol that can deal well with
having multiple connections to unrelated routing domains.
EGP: Exterior Gateway Protocol
Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) is for exchanging routing information
between two neighbor gateway hosts in a network of autonomous
systems.
ICMP/ICMPv6: Internet Control Message Protocol
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is an integrated part of IP
suite. ICMP messages, delivered in IP packets, are used for out-of-band messages
related to network operation or mis-operation.
IP: Internet Protocol
|
The Internet Protocol (IP) is a network-layer (Layer 3) protocol in the
OSI model that contains addressing information and some control
information to enable packets being routed in
network. |
IPv6: Internet Protocol version 6
| IPv6 is the new version of Internet Protocol (IP) based on IPv4, a
network-layer (Layer 3) protocol that contains addressing information and
some control information enabling packets to be routed in the network.
|
IRDP: ICMP Router Discovery Protocol
|
ICMP Router Discovery Protocol (IRDP) enables a host to determine the
address of a router that it can use as a default gateway. Similar to ES-IS
but used with IP. |
NARP: NBMA Address Resolution Protocol
| The NBMA Address Resolution Protocol (NARP) allows a source terminal
(a host or router), wishing to communicate over a Non-Broadcast,
Multi-Access (NBMA) link layer network, to find out the NBMA addresses of
a destination terminal if the destination terminal is connected to the
same NBMA network as the source. |
NHRP: Next Hop Resolution Protocol
Next Hop Resolution Protocol (NHRP) is used by a source station (host or
router) connected to a Non-Broadcast, Multi-Access (NBMA) subnetwork to
determine the internetworking layer address and NBMA subnetwork addresses of the
"NBMA next hop" towards a destination station.
OSPF: Open Shortest Path First
OSPF is an interior gateway protocol used for routing between routers
belonging to a single Autonomous System.
RIP (RIP2): Routing Information Protocol
|
RIP (Routing Information Protocol) is a standard for exchange of
routing information among gateways and hosts. RIP is most useful as an
"interior gateway protocol". |
RIPng: RIP for IPv6
RIPng (RIP next generation) is an information routing protocol for the IPv6.
RIPng for IPv6 is based on protocols and algorithms used extensively in the IPv4
Internet such as RIP and RIP2.
RSVP: Resource ReSerVation Protocol
| RSVP is a resource reservation setup protocol designed for quality
integrated services on Internet. RSVP is used by a host to request
specific qualities of service from the network for particular application
data streams or flows. |
VRRP: Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) specifies an election protocol
that dynamically assigns responsibility for a virtual router to one of the VRRP
routers on a LAN. The VRRP router controlling the IP address(es) associated with
a virtual router is called the Master, and forwards packets sent to these IP
addresses.
BGMP: Border Gateway Multicast Protocol
| Border Gateway Multicast Protocol (BGMP) is a protocol for
inter-domain multicast routing. BGMP natively supports "source-specific
multicast" (SSM). |
DVMRP: distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol
Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP) is an Internet routing
protocol that provides an efficient mechanism for connectionless message
multicast to a group of hosts across an internetwork.
IGMP: Internet Group Management protocol
Internet Group management protocol (IGMP), a multicasting protocol in the
internet protocols family, is used by IP hosts to report their host group
memberships to any immediately neighboring multicast routers. IGMP messages are
encapsulated in IP datagrams, with an IP protocol number of 2. IGMP has versions
IGMP v1, v2 and v3.
MARS: Multicast Address Resolution Server
| Multicasting is the process that a source host or protocol entity
sends a packet to multiple destinations simultaneously using a single,
local "transmit" operation. ATM is being utilized as a link layer
technology to support a variety of protocols, including
IP |
MBGP: Multiprotocol BGP
| The multiprotocol BGP (MBGP) feature adds capabilities to BGP to
enable multicast routing policy throughout the Internet and to connect
multicast topologies within and between BGP autonomous
systems. |
MOSPF: Multicast OSPF
Multicast Extensions to OSPF (MOSPF) provides enhancements to OSPF Version
2 to support IP multicast routing.
MSDP: Multicast Source Discovery Protocol
The Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP) describes a mechanism to
connect multiple PIM Sparse-Mode (PIM-SM) domains together.
MZAP: Multicast-Scope Zone Announcement Protocol
Multicast-Scope Zone Announcement Protocol (MZAP) is for the discovery of
the multicast administrative scope zones that are relevant at a particular
location.
PGM: Pragmatic General Multicast Protocol
| Pragmatic General Multicast (PGM) is a reliable transport protocol for
applications that require ordered or unordered, duplicate-free, multicast
data delivery from multiple sources to multiple receivers.
|
PIM-DM: Protocol Independent Multicast - Dense Mode
| Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) has two modes: Sparse Mode and
Dense Mode. We focus on the Dense Mode in this document.
|
PIM-SM: Protocol Independent Multicast - Sparse Mode
| Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) has two modesL Sparse Mode and
Dense Mode. We focus on the Sparse Mode (PIM-SM) in this document.
|
MPLS: Multi-Protocol Label Switching
Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS), an architecture for fast packet
switching and routing, provides the designation, routing, forwarding and
switching of traffic flows through the network.
CR-LDP: Constraint-Based Label Distribution Protocol
CR-LDP, constraint-based LDP, is one of the protocols in the MPLS
architecture. CR-LDP contains extensions for LDP to extend its capabilities such
as setup paths beyond what is available for the routing protocol. For instance,
an LSP can be setup based on explicit route constraints, QoS constraints, and
other constraints.
GMPLS: Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching
| Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching (GMPLS) enhances MPLS
architecture by the complete separation of the control and data planes of
various networking layers. |
LDP: Label Distribution Protocol
| LDP (Label Distribution Protocol) is a key protocol in the MPLS (Multi
Protocol Label Switching) architecture. In the MPLS network, 2 label
switching routers (LSR) must agree on the meaning of the labels used to
forward traffic between and through
them. |
RSVP-TE: Resource ReSerVation Protocol-Traffic Engineering
| The RSVP-TE protocol is an addition to the RSVP protocol for
establishing label switched paths (LSPs) in MPLS
networks. |
ARP: Address Resolution Protocol
| Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) performs mapping of an IP address to
a physical machine address (MAC address for Ethernet) that is recognized
in the local network. For example, in IP Version 4, an address is 32 bits
long. |
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